enumerator.h

/*
Copyright 2013-present Barefoot Networks, Inc.
 
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
 
/* -*-c++-*-
   C#-like enumerator interface */
 
#ifndef LIB_ENUMERATOR_H_
#define LIB_ENUMERATOR_H_
 
#include <cstdint>
#include <functional>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <iterator>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
#include <vector>
 
#include "iterator_range.h"
 
namespace P4::Util {
enum class EnumeratorState { NotStarted, Valid, PastEnd };
 
template <typename T>
class Enumerator;

// FIXME: It is not a proper iterator (see reference type above) and should be removed
// in favor of more standard approach. Note that Enumerator<T>::getCurrent() always
// returns element by value, so more or less suitable only for copyable types that are cheap
// to copy.
template <typename T>
class EnumeratorHandle {
 private:
    Enumerator<T> *enumerator = nullptr;  // when nullptr it represents end()
    explicit EnumeratorHandle(Enumerator<T> *enumerator) : enumerator(enumerator) {}
    friend class Enumerator<T>;
 
 public:
    using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;
    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
    using value_type = T;
    using reference = T;
    using pointer = void;
 
    reference operator*() const;
    const EnumeratorHandle<T> &operator++();
    bool operator==(const EnumeratorHandle<T> &other) const;
    bool operator!=(const EnumeratorHandle<T> &other) const;
};

template <class T>
class Enumerator {
 protected:
    EnumeratorState state = EnumeratorState::NotStarted;
 
    // This is a weird oddity of C++: this class is a friend of itself with different templates
    template <class S>
    friend class Enumerator;
    static std::vector<T> emptyVector;
    template <typename S>
    friend class EnumeratorHandle;
 
 public:
    using value_type = T;
 
    Enumerator() { this->reset(); }
 
    virtual ~Enumerator() = default;

    virtual bool moveNext() = 0;
    virtual T getCurrent() const = 0;
    virtual void reset() { this->state = EnumeratorState::NotStarted; }
 
    EnumeratorHandle<T> begin() {
        this->moveNext();
        return EnumeratorHandle<T>(this);
    }
    EnumeratorHandle<T> end() { return EnumeratorHandle<T>(nullptr); }
 
    const char *stateName() const {
        switch (this->state) {
            case EnumeratorState::NotStarted:
                return "NotStarted";
            case EnumeratorState::Valid:
                return "Valid";
            case EnumeratorState::PastEnd:
                return "PastEnd";
        }
        throw std::logic_error("Unexpected state " + std::to_string(static_cast<int>(this->state)));
    }

    template <typename Container>
    [[deprecated(
        "Use Util::enumerate() instead")]] static Enumerator<typename Container::value_type> *
    createEnumerator(const Container &data);
    static Enumerator<T> *emptyEnumerator();  // empty data
    template <typename Iter>
    [[deprecated("Use Util::enumerate() instead")]] static Enumerator<typename Iter::value_type> *
    createEnumerator(Iter begin, Iter end);
    template <typename Iter>
    [[deprecated("Use Util::enumerate() instead")]] static Enumerator<typename Iter::value_type> *
    createEnumerator(iterator_range<Iter> range);

    template <typename Filter>
    Enumerator<T> *where(Filter filter);
    template <typename Mapper>
    Enumerator<std::invoke_result_t<Mapper, T>> *map(Mapper map);
    template <typename S>
    Enumerator<S> *as();
    virtual Enumerator<T> *concat(Enumerator<T> *other);
    static Enumerator<T> *concatAll(Enumerator<Enumerator<T> *> *inputs);
 
    std::vector<T> toVector() {
        std::vector<T> result;
        while (moveNext()) result.push_back(getCurrent());
        return result;
    }

    uint64_t count() {
        uint64_t found = 0;
        while (this->moveNext()) found++;
        return found;
    }

    bool any() { return this->moveNext(); }

    T single() {
        bool next = moveNext();
        if (!next) throw std::logic_error("There is no element for `single()'");
        T result = getCurrent();
        next = moveNext();
        if (next) throw std::logic_error("There are multiple elements when calling `single()'");
        return result;
    }

    T singleOrDefault() {
        bool next = moveNext();
        if (!next) return T{};
        T result = getCurrent();
        next = moveNext();
        if (next) throw std::logic_error("There are multiple elements when calling `single()'");
        return result;
    }

    T nextOrDefault() {
        bool next = moveNext();
        if (!next) return T{};
        return getCurrent();
    }

    T next() {
        bool next = moveNext();
        if (!next) throw std::logic_error("There is no element for `next()'");
        return getCurrent();
    }
};

// the implementation must be in the header file due to the templates


template <typename Iter>
class IteratorEnumerator : public Enumerator<typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type> {
 protected:
    Iter begin;
    Iter end;
    Iter current;
    const char *name;
    friend class Enumerator<typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type>;
 
 public:
    IteratorEnumerator(Iter begin, Iter end, const char *name)
        : Enumerator<typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type>(),
          begin(begin),
          end(end),
          current(begin),
          name(name) {}
 
    [[nodiscard]] std::string toString() const {
        return std::string(this->name) + ":" + this->stateName();
    }
 
    bool moveNext() {
        switch (this->state) {
            case EnumeratorState::NotStarted:
                this->current = this->begin;
                if (this->current == this->end) {
                    this->state = EnumeratorState::PastEnd;
                    return false;
                } else {
                    this->state = EnumeratorState::Valid;
                }
                return true;
            case EnumeratorState::PastEnd:
                return false;
            case EnumeratorState::Valid:
                ++this->current;
                if (this->current == this->end) {
                    this->state = EnumeratorState::PastEnd;
                    return false;
                }
                return true;
        }
 
        throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected enumerator state");
    }
 
    typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type getCurrent() const {
        switch (this->state) {
            case EnumeratorState::NotStarted:
                throw std::logic_error("You cannot call 'getCurrent' before 'moveNext'");
            case EnumeratorState::PastEnd:
                throw std::logic_error("You cannot call 'getCurrent' past the collection end");
            case EnumeratorState::Valid:
                return *this->current;
        }
        throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected enumerator state");
    }
};

 
template <typename T>
class SingleEnumerator : public Enumerator<T> {
    T value;
 
 public:
    explicit SingleEnumerator(T v) : Enumerator<T>(), value(v) {}
    bool moveNext() {
        switch (this->state) {
            case EnumeratorState::NotStarted:
                this->state = EnumeratorState::Valid;
                return true;
            case EnumeratorState::PastEnd:
                return false;
            case EnumeratorState::Valid:
                this->state = EnumeratorState::PastEnd;
                return false;
        }
        throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected enumerator state");
    }
    T getCurrent() const {
        switch (this->state) {
            case EnumeratorState::NotStarted:
                throw std::logic_error("You cannot call 'getCurrent' before 'moveNext'");
            case EnumeratorState::PastEnd:
                throw std::logic_error("You cannot call 'getCurrent' past the collection end");
            case EnumeratorState::Valid:
                return this->value;
        }
        throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected enumerator state");
    }
};


template <typename T>
class EmptyEnumerator : public Enumerator<T> {
 public:
    [[nodiscard]] std::string toString() const { return "EmptyEnumerator"; }
    bool moveNext() { return false; }
    T getCurrent() const {
        throw std::logic_error("You cannot call 'getCurrent' on an EmptyEnumerator");
    }
};


template <typename T, typename Filter>
class FilterEnumerator final : public Enumerator<T> {
    Enumerator<T> *input;
    Filter filter;
    T current;  // must prevent repeated evaluation
 
 public:
    FilterEnumerator(Enumerator<T> *input, Filter filter)
        : input(input), filter(std::move(filter)) {}
 
 private:
    bool advance() {
        this->state = EnumeratorState::Valid;
        while (this->input->moveNext()) {
            this->current = this->input->getCurrent();
            bool match = this->filter(this->current);
            if (match) return true;
        }
        this->state = EnumeratorState::PastEnd;
        return false;
    }
 
 public:
    [[nodiscard]] std::string toString() const {
        return "FilterEnumerator(" + this->input->toString() + "):" + this->stateName();
    }
 
    void reset() {
        this->input->reset();
        Enumerator<T>::reset();
    }
 
    bool moveNext() {
        switch (this->state) {
            case EnumeratorState::NotStarted:
            case EnumeratorState::Valid:
                return this->advance();
            case EnumeratorState::PastEnd:
                return false;
        }
        throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected enumerator state");
    }
 
    T getCurrent() const {
        switch (this->state) {
            case EnumeratorState::NotStarted:
                throw std::logic_error("You cannot call 'getCurrent' before 'moveNext'");
            case EnumeratorState::PastEnd:
                throw std::logic_error("You cannot call 'getCurrent' past the collection end");
            case EnumeratorState::Valid:
                return this->current;
        }
        throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected enumerator state");
    }
};

 
namespace Detail {
// See if we can use ICastable interface to cast from T to S. This is only possible if:
// - Both T and S are pointer types (let's denote T = From* and S = To*)
// - Expression (From*)()->to<To>() is well-formed
// Essentially this means the following code is well-formed:
// From *current = input->getCurrent(); current->to<To>();
template <typename From, typename To, typename = void>
static constexpr bool can_be_casted = false;
 
template <typename From, typename To>
static constexpr bool
    can_be_casted<From *, To *, std::void_t<decltype(std::declval<From *>()->template to<To>())>> =
        true;
}  // namespace Detail

template <typename T, typename S>
class AsEnumerator final : public Enumerator<S> {
    template <typename U = S>
    typename std::enable_if_t<!Detail::can_be_casted<T, S>, U> getCurrentImpl() const {
        T current = input->getCurrent();
        return dynamic_cast<S>(current);
    }
 
    template <typename U = S>
    typename std::enable_if_t<Detail::can_be_casted<T, S>, U> getCurrentImpl() const {
        T current = input->getCurrent();
        return current->template to<std::remove_pointer_t<S>>();
    }
 
 protected:
    Enumerator<T> *input;
 
 public:
    explicit AsEnumerator(Enumerator<T> *input) : input(input) {}
 
    std::string toString() const {
        return "AsEnumerator(" + this->input->toString() + "):" + this->stateName();
    }
 
    void reset() override {
        Enumerator<S>::reset();
        this->input->reset();
    }
 
    bool moveNext() override {
        bool result = this->input->moveNext();
        if (result)
            this->state = EnumeratorState::Valid;
        else
            this->state = EnumeratorState::PastEnd;
        return result;
    }
 
    S getCurrent() const override { return getCurrentImpl(); }
};


template <typename T, typename S, typename Mapper>
class MapEnumerator final : public Enumerator<S> {
 protected:
    Enumerator<T> *input;
    Mapper map;
    S current;
 
 public:
    MapEnumerator(Enumerator<T> *input, Mapper map) : input(input), map(std::move(map)) {}
 
    void reset() {
        this->input->reset();
        Enumerator<S>::reset();
    }
 
    [[nodiscard]] std::string toString() const {
        return "MapEnumerator(" + this->input->toString() + "):" + this->stateName();
    }
 
    bool moveNext() {
        switch (this->state) {
            case EnumeratorState::NotStarted:
            case EnumeratorState::Valid: {
                bool success = input->moveNext();
                if (success) {
                    T currentInput = this->input->getCurrent();
                    this->current = this->map(currentInput);
                    this->state = EnumeratorState::Valid;
                    return true;
                } else {
                    this->state = EnumeratorState::PastEnd;
                    return false;
                }
            }
            case EnumeratorState::PastEnd:
                return false;
        }
        throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected enumerator state");
    }
 
    S getCurrent() const {
        switch (this->state) {
            case EnumeratorState::NotStarted:
                throw std::logic_error("You cannot call 'getCurrent' before 'moveNext'");
            case EnumeratorState::PastEnd:
                throw std::logic_error("You cannot call 'getCurrent' past the collection end");
            case EnumeratorState::Valid:
                return this->current;
        }
        throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected enumerator state");
    }
};
 
template <typename T, typename Mapper>
MapEnumerator(Enumerator<T> *,
              Mapper) -> MapEnumerator<T, typename std::invoke_result_t<Mapper, T>, Mapper>;


template <typename T>
class ConcatEnumerator final : public Enumerator<T> {
    std::vector<Enumerator<T> *> inputs;
    T currentResult;
 
 public:
    ConcatEnumerator() = default;
    // We take ownership of the vector
    explicit ConcatEnumerator(std::vector<Enumerator<T> *> &&inputs) : inputs(std::move(inputs)) {
        for (auto *currentInput : inputs)
            if (currentInput == nullptr) throw std::logic_error("Null iterator in concatenation");
    }
 
    ConcatEnumerator(std::initializer_list<Enumerator<T> *> inputs) : inputs(inputs) {
        for (auto *currentInput : inputs)
            if (currentInput == nullptr) throw std::logic_error("Null iterator in concatenation");
    }
    explicit ConcatEnumerator(Enumerator<Enumerator<T> *> *inputs)
        : ConcatEnumerator(inputs->toVector()) {}
 
    [[nodiscard]] std::string toString() const { return "ConcatEnumerator:" + this->stateName(); }
 
 private:
    bool advance() {
        this->state = EnumeratorState::Valid;
        for (auto *currentInput : inputs) {
            if (currentInput->moveNext()) {
                this->currentResult = currentInput->getCurrent();
                return true;
            }
        }
 
        this->state = EnumeratorState::PastEnd;
        return false;
    }
 
 public:
    Enumerator<T> *concat(Enumerator<T> *other) override {
        // Too late to add
        if (this->state == EnumeratorState::PastEnd)
            throw std::runtime_error("Invalid enumerator state to concatenate");
 
        inputs.push_back(other);
 
        return this;
    }
 
    void reset() override {
        for (auto *currentInput : inputs) currentInput->reset();
        Enumerator<T>::reset();
    }
 
    bool moveNext() override {
        switch (this->state) {
            case EnumeratorState::NotStarted:
            case EnumeratorState::Valid:
                return this->advance();
            case EnumeratorState::PastEnd:
                return false;
        }
        throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected enumerator state");
    }
 
    T getCurrent() const override {
        switch (this->state) {
            case EnumeratorState::NotStarted:
                throw std::logic_error("You cannot call 'getCurrent' before 'moveNext'");
            case EnumeratorState::PastEnd:
                throw std::logic_error("You cannot call 'getCurrent' past the collection end");
            case EnumeratorState::Valid:
                return this->currentResult;
        }
        throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected enumerator state");
    }
};

 
template <typename T>
template <typename Mapper>
Enumerator<std::invoke_result_t<Mapper, T>> *Enumerator<T>::map(Mapper map) {
    return new MapEnumerator(this, std::move(map));
}
 
template <typename T>
template <typename S>
Enumerator<S> *Enumerator<T>::as() {
    return new AsEnumerator<T, S>(this);
}
 
template <typename T>
template <typename Filter>
Enumerator<T> *Enumerator<T>::where(Filter filter) {
    return new FilterEnumerator(this, std::move(filter));
}
 
template <typename T>
template <typename Container>
Enumerator<typename Container::value_type> *Enumerator<T>::createEnumerator(const Container &data) {
    return new IteratorEnumerator(data.begin(), data.end(), typeid(Container).name());
}
 
template <typename T>
Enumerator<T> *Enumerator<T>::emptyEnumerator() {
    return new EmptyEnumerator<T>();
}
 
template <typename T>
template <typename Iter>
Enumerator<typename Iter::value_type> *Enumerator<T>::createEnumerator(Iter begin, Iter end) {
    return new IteratorEnumerator(begin, end, "iterator");
}
 
template <typename T>
template <typename Iter>
Enumerator<typename Iter::value_type> *Enumerator<T>::createEnumerator(iterator_range<Iter> range) {
    return new IteratorEnumerator(range.begin(), range.end(), "range");
}
 
template <typename T>
Enumerator<T> *Enumerator<T>::concatAll(Enumerator<Enumerator<T> *> *inputs) {
    return new ConcatEnumerator<T>(inputs);
}
 
template <typename T>
Enumerator<T> *Enumerator<T>::concat(Enumerator<T> *other) {
    return new ConcatEnumerator<T>({this, other});
}

 
template <typename T>
T EnumeratorHandle<T>::operator*() const {
    if (enumerator == nullptr) throw std::logic_error("Dereferencing end() iterator");
    return enumerator->getCurrent();
}
 
template <typename T>
const EnumeratorHandle<T> &EnumeratorHandle<T>::operator++() {
    enumerator->moveNext();
    return *this;
}
 
template <typename T>
bool EnumeratorHandle<T>::operator==(const EnumeratorHandle<T> &other) const {
    return !(*this != other);
}
 
template <typename T>
bool EnumeratorHandle<T>::operator!=(const EnumeratorHandle<T> &other) const {
    if (this->enumerator == other.enumerator) return true;
    if (other.enumerator != nullptr) throw std::logic_error("Comparison with different iterator");
    return this->enumerator->state == EnumeratorState::Valid;
}
 
template <typename Iter>
Enumerator<typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type> *enumerate(Iter begin, Iter end) {
    return new IteratorEnumerator(begin, end, "iterator");
}
 
template <typename Iter>
Enumerator<typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type> *enumerate(iterator_range<Iter> range) {
    return new IteratorEnumerator(range.begin(), range.end(), "range");
}
 
template <typename Container>
Enumerator<typename Container::value_type> *enumerate(const Container &data) {
    using std::begin;
    using std::end;
    return new IteratorEnumerator(begin(data), end(data), typeid(data).name());
}
 
// TODO: Flatten ConcatEnumerator's during concatenation
template <typename T>
Enumerator<T> *concat(std::initializer_list<Enumerator<T> *> inputs) {
    return new ConcatEnumerator<T>(inputs);
}
 
template <typename... Args>
auto concat(Args &&...inputs) {
    using FirstEnumeratorTy =
        std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<std::tuple_element_t<0, std::tuple<Args...>>>>;
    std::initializer_list<Enumerator<typename FirstEnumeratorTy::value_type> *> init{
        std::forward<Args>(inputs)...};
    return concat(init);
}
 
}  // namespace P4::Util
 
#endif /* LIB_ENUMERATOR_H_ */